Cocaine: effects, consequences, prevention and treatment
Kokain: Auswirkungen, Folgen, Prävention und Behandlung
Efeitos da cocaína, as conseqüências, prevenção e tratamento
Effets de la cocaïne, les conséquences, la prévention et le traitement
Effetti della cocaina, conseguenze, prevenzione e trattamento
Кокаин эффекты, последствия, профилактика и лечение
可卡因的影响，后果，预防和治疗
कोकीन प्रभाव, परिणाम, रोकथाम और उपचार
コカインの効果、影響、予防と治療
آثار الكوكايين، العواقب والوقاية والعلاج
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The Indians consumed their leaves chewed or infused
Had mild sedative effects and also served to combat the symptoms of altitude sickness.
Cocaine and crack are made by macerating the coca leaves with water, adding gasoline, petroleum or kerosene, sulfuric acid, sodium carbonate and ammonia.
The resulting pasty liquid once dried becomes a moist mud that can be sold as a base paste or basuco.
The crushed basuco rocks are gray and are smoked mixed with tobacco or marijuana.
If potassium permanganate, acetone or ether and hydrochloric acid are added to this paste, it is converted into cocaine hydrochloride, commonly known as coca or snow.
The crack or rock is obtained by diluting and heating the basuco with ammonia and ether and also by mixing the powdered cocaine with water and sodium bicarbonate or ammonia.
Cocaine hydrochloride has the appearance of a white, refined and crystalline powder. It is consumed sniffing nasally, smoked-inhaled, absorbed in the tongue and gums or injected (mixed with water)
The crack has the appearance of white or yellow crystals. It is usually smoked by heating it on a piece of aluminum foil, inhaling the fumes it gives off.
The purity of the cocaine that is consumed in the streets oscillates between 20 and 40%.
EFFECTS
Cacaine is harmful to health and can cause serious addictions similar to other substances that are consumed abusively, such as alcohol, tobacco, heroin, etc.
Both cocaine and crack and basuco are drugs that act to stimulate the central nervous system: they increase the levels of the neurotransmitters - dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin - giving place, in a first phase, a few minutes after the taking, to feeling of well-being, euphoria, loquacity, sociability, hyperactivity, mental acceleration, sensation of clarity and speed of thought, as well as greater alertness, energy and physical activity. Increased sexual desire and decreased fatigue, appetite and sleep.
The subject has the sensation of being above the others.
The effects of cocaine disappear after 30 minutes to 2 hours. Therefore, in a second phase, symptoms of tiredness, depression, malaise and anxiety appear, which force the consumer to repeat the doses to keep the arousal achieved and prolong the initial euphoria.
Several repeated doses in a short period produce agitation and paranoia.
The desire is even stronger when basuco or crack is consumed, as the effects fade in a few minutes so the inhalations are repeated at shorter intervals to sustain the effect.
In addition both substances, because they maintain the impurities of the chemical elements used in the process of elaboration, are very dangerous for the physical and mental health.
However being cheaper than powdered cocaine, they are widely consumed by marginalized or low-income people.
Cocaine addicts are often not aware of what happens to them; There is a low perception of risk: it is believed that eating from time to time does not harm health.
In this way a compulsive and addictive use develops in a short time, and especially in the habitual consumers, a physical and psychological dependence towards this drug, more intense with basuco or crack.
When they lack supply, they suffer from anxiety, severe depression, eating disorders and sleep, along with a strong desire for consumption which forces them to seek and repeat doses.
DISEASES AND CONSEQUENCES that causes its usual behavior:
- hyperthermia
- confusion and exhaustion due to lack of sleep
- anorexy
- aggressiveness
- restlessness, extreme excitability, insomnia and, over time, paranoid psychosis with hallucinations and delusions that can lead to permanent mental health problems
- congestion, runny nose, eczema and lesions in the nasal membranes reaching the perforation of the nasal septum
- severe hypertension
- hepatotoxicity
- renal insufficiency
- renal or intestinal ischemia
- intracranial hemorrhage
- stroke or cerebral ischemia
- arrhythmias, heart disease
- pulmonary edema
- sexual dysfunctions and infertility in both sexes
- infections by using needles shared with others
- Excessive doses can cause seizures leading to death from overdose due to heart failure (myocardial infarction) and / or depression of the brain centers that control breathing (respiratory arrest)
- In addition, in the case of basuco consumption:
- dental infections (by the gasoline lead from the base paste)
- asthma
- malnutrition
- colic
- vomiting
- pain and muscle paralysis
- depression
- delusions, persecutory ideas
- acts of violence
- And in the consumption of crack:
- hoarseness, chronic sore throat
- bronchitis
- burns on the lips, tongue and trachea
- respiratory failure
- lung cancer
- dental infections (by the gasoline lead from the base paste)
- asthma
- malnutrition
- colic
- vomiting
- pain and muscle paralysis
- depression
- delusions, persecutory ideas
- acts of violence
- In pregnant women:
- malformations of the fetus
- premature birth
- death of the fetus
- children with impaired cognitive performance
- Consequences in the family, social and work areas:
- fights and family violence
- separations and divorces
- failure or delay in work tasks
- dismissals at work
- accidents at work and traffic (increased risk if alcohol is also taken)
- reduction or abandonment of social, recreational or sports activities
- problems of social coexistence: fights, aggressions, etc
- economic problems that can lead to crime or marginalization
Cocaine users:
In the world: 13-14 million?
In Western and Central Europe: 3-4 million?
In Spain: 1,100,000?
(These are approximate figures, which tend to increase in coming years)
PREVENTION, TREATMENT AND REHABILITATION
The addict, if he wishes, can abandon the drug and rehabilitate himself. To do this, he must undergo medical-pharmacological treatments with antidepressants that reduce the withdrawal syndrome as well as other psychiatric and psychological therapies
More prevention campaigns should be conducted in the media and especially in schools, high schools and universities, highlighting the danger of this and other drugs, including tobacco and alcohol.
It is important for parents to gradually educate children as well as to observe and control abnormal behavior and activities of adolescent children (inappropriate friendships or places of play, character alterations, puncture scars, clothing odors, suspicious objects, drowsiness, dilated pupils, lack of performance in studies, excessive expenditures, aggressive reactions, lack of communication, etc. or the symptoms described above in this article) trying to reason about their behavior and the risks of drugs and. In case of reasonable doubt about their consumption, to seek medical examination and treatment that may be necessary.
WARNING TO READERS OF THIS ARTICLE:
The information and medical opinions contained in this article are for informational purposes only, and in no case must, nor can they substitute the advice of a physician or pharmacist or serve to perform a self-diagnosis; Any person who is affected by symptoms or suspected of suffering from an addictive or other disease, does not comply with this information, and should consult a doctor for advice, diagnose Your condition and prescribe the medication or treatment you feel is appropriate.
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